You can basically do anything with any language, it's all down to preference. Me personally am not a fan of python, so I avoid it
For positives and negatives though:
C/C++:
+'s: Flexible, powerful, can be used on anything. Large amount of tutorials/resources available.
-'s: Requires learning of third party libraries, low level coding means more chances for memory problems and strange bugs.
Java:
+'s: Single binary works on multiple platforms, many useful standard libraries. Memory handled for you.
-'s: Platforms may handle small details differently, causing platform specific bugs.
C#:
+'s: Quite popular, good game making libraries (XNA, MonoGame). Can be multiplatform.
-'s: Biggest game library is being abandoned by Microsoft (XNA), Many libraries and functions are Windows only
There's lots more, but there is some I know about, not as good with scripting languages. Gamemaker I hear is good for making games quickly, and comes with it's own language. If you go with C/C++, I suggest the Allegro library, which is multiplatform and has plenty of features. Java has LWJGL, which lets you use opengl and openal in Java.