Well, that's really splitting at hairs since compilation ports don't really count. In terms of release, Dungeon Adventure was the first 360 BASED Roguelike....though I wonder if development on the yet to be released ASCII Quest started first?
In terms of Fatal Labyrinth, somewhat before that was the SegaMasterSystem/Gamegear Dragon Crystal...which has the same mannerisms yet more primitive in execution.
What I can't tell you, is why the franchise died off after being successful enough warrant follow ups. A fair bit later, the Fushigi Dungeon series came about via Chunsoft instead and history rolls on from there.