Sorry to disappoint, but Terinyo and the outlaw settlement are the only easily-acessible towns reachable without going through dungeons. Shops other than the food shop in Terinyo and the black market in the bandit settlement are random or later on (in parts of the game I have, sadly, never reached). Fortunately, there are lots of weapons you can find everywhere from dead enemies. It really bites when your weapon gets ripped apart by an exploding door, but persevering through those sorts of situations makes your game more interesting (or, shorter because you can't hit anything). With luck, you can find something useful nearby or at the black market.